Events

Cause

• The Prophet (pbuh) had a dream where he entered Makka and did tawaf around the Ka’bah.

  Indeed, Allah will fulfil His Messenger’s vision in all truth: Allah willing, you will surely enter the Sacred Mosque, in security—˹some with˺ heads shaved and ˹others with˺ hair shortened—without fear. He knew what you did not know, so He first granted you the triumph at hand. (Surah al-Fath, 48:27)

• In 628 C.E, Muhammad (pbuh) and a group of 1400 Muslims marched peacefully towards Makka, in an attempt to perform umrah.

• The Muslims had left Madina in a state of ihram, so were prohibited from fighting.

• The Qurayshites gathered an entire army to prevent the Muslims from entering, so the Prophet took an alternative route.

• The group camped outside of Makka, and the Prophet (pbuh) tried to negotiate entry to the Ka’ba with the Quraysh, through intermediaries, but the Quraysh were unwilling to let the Prophet (pbuh) enter.

• The Quraysh sent 'Urwah to negotiate with the Prophet. Urwah noticed how loyal the companions were to the Prophet ﷺ, so he asked the Quraysh to go through with the deal.

Bait al-Ridwan

• ‘Uthman was sent to negotiate but was held captive.

• The Muslims were anxious and made a pledge under a tree called al-Ridwan to avenge 'Uthman if he was killed

  Indeed, Allah was pleased with the believers when they pledged allegiance to you ˹O Prophet˺ under the tree. He knew what was in their hearts, so He sent down serenity upon them and rewarded them with a victory at hand, (Surah al-Fath, 48:18)

• Bait al-Ridwan influenced the Quraysh into negotiating a treaty.

• They sent Suhayl ibn ‘Amr to make this peace treaty with the Muslims, whereby the Muslims would go back to Madina and not return for the pilgrimage until the next year.

Drawing up the Treaty

• ‘Umar asked why the Muslims were demeaning their religion and was reassured by Abu Bakr and the Prophet (pbuh), when Surah al-Fath was revealed.
• ‘Ali was chosen to write the treaty.
  • When the Prophet (pbuh) asked him to write ‘In the name of Allah, the merciful, the compassionate’ or that the Prophet (pbuh) was the ‘Messenger of Allah,’ Suhayl objected and instead the Prophet (pbuh) erased it and had ‘Ali write, ‘In your name, O God’ and ‘Muhammad (pbuh), son of ‘Abd Allah’, to which the Muslims protested.

After Hudaybiyya

• After the treaty was made, Abu Jandal came to the Prophet (pbuh) asking to be freed, but the Prophet (pbuh) kept to the terms of the treaty and told him to be patient.
• Banu Khuza’a made a pact with the Muslims and the Banu Bakr made a pact with the Quraysh.
• Once they completed the document, the Prophet (pbuh) asked thrice for the Muslims to sacrifice their animals and shave their heads.